Non Conventional Energy Resources Book By Hasan Saeed Free 200
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As represented in Table 2, duckweeds have been suggested as pharmaceutical resources. Previous studies have been reported that duckweed species such as L. minor, L. trisulca, and S. polyrrhiza have been widely utilized as folk medicine in China, Korea and a few European nations [12, 44, 55]. Duckweeds are medicinal herbs that do not have severe side effect [44]. Recent research has revealed the various pharmacological effects of duckweeds. L. minor has antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacilli (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis), and could be an alternative to antibacterial agents for the treatment of various diseases [44, 56, 57]. S. polyrrhiza also showed antimicrobial activities against seven gram-negative bacilli, one gram-positive bacterium, and two fungal pathogens [58]. Flavonoids in duckweeds could contribute metabolites for the antioxidant activity [59]. Apigenin and vitexin in Landoltia punctata have been suggested as constituents for treating non-small lung cancer [59]. L. minor has been shown to have immunomodulatory activity [57]. In particular, flavonoids in L. minor have been reported to have immunosuppressive effects by reducing free hemoglobin content and antibody production in human whole blood samples infected with ovalbumin antigen [60]. Flavonoids in S. polyrrhiza have been demonstrated to exert anti-adipogenic effect by reducing triglyceride content [61]. An increase in fecal butyric acid has been reported as a result of duckweed consumption, which may be associated with improved colon health in humans and is an important energy source for colon cells [62]. Although further research and clinical trials are required for practical use, duckweeds have great potential to be utilized for pharmaceutical purposes because of their diverse pharmacological effects. d2c66b5586